In vivo CAR T-cell generation: Delivery platforms, clinical progress, and translational barriers

This clinical review examines the evolution of in vivo CAR T-cell therapy, key delivery platforms, and their potential to simplify treatment workflows, reduce manufacturing time and costs, and improve accessibility. It also discusses translational challenges and optimization strategies to enhance targeting specificity, delivery control, safety, and efficacy, including early clinical trial progress and future directions for clinical application.